Why Couples Should Be Talking About Their Feelings

Why Couples Should Be Talking About Their Feelings Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Why Couples Should Be Talking About Their Feelings By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Updated on February 08, 2020 Frederic Cirou/Getty Images   More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse As a couple, youre constantly talking about what’s for dinner and plans with friends or family. The day-to-day running of your lives together, particularly if you have kids,?? is often the central focus of your conversations. Talking about these things is necessary, but the most important piece that you should not gloss over is how you feel about whats going on in your life day-to-day. Why Talking About Feelings Helps Couples These deeper conversations are necessary to make the glue that holds you together and creates the intimacy people desire in their marriage. Its critical that you talk about your highs and lows that have been sprinkled throughout your week. These topics may be from outside interactions with others or something specifically between you and your spouse. Both women and men can struggle with sharing feelings, but men?? seem to have a much harder time. Wives frequently complain about the “lack of intimacy” or “connection” with their husbands. And for women, intimacy and connection are what sparks her sexual desire. Therefore, it is worth the effort, guys! Benefits This kind of heart-to-heart communication helps:Keep fights from escalatingPrevent resentment that couples therapists often hear about in their officesIt helps your partner feel empathy and walk in your shoesSet off bonding hormones    Create a deep and meaningful connection with your partnerGet out of having only superficial discussions How to Create More Emotional Intimacy With Your Partner Think about your last few days and ask yourself these questions. Then, sit down and disclose the responses to your partner: Who or what has impacted you?Who or what made you feel good?Who or what disappointed you?What did you learn that is new and what did you like about it?Did you meet anyone new…what did you think about him or her?Did anything happen that scared you…disgusted you…made you think in a different way? Don’t just focus on the facts, but also focus on how you feel about the answers to these questions.  What comes up as you are talking about it with your spouse?  Can you identify a particular feeling such as surprise, joy, sadness,?? anger? How about the tougher ones like rejection, shame or embarrassment? If you are unsure, it’s okay to say that you are not sure how you feel. It’s okay to see if your partner, who may have more of a language for feelings, help you out. You can feel confused or have mixed emotions too. Whatever it is, do your best to describe it. What to Do If You Struggle With Talking About Deeper Topics Some people really struggle to bring up the topics that impact their relationship. This is because it taps into our worst fears about being rejected,?? abandoned or some other dreadful action by our partner. But, like the everyday life topics, it’s not enough to just talk about your thoughts and opinions on the tougher issues (parenting, sex, in-laws, finances and so on). You must also discuss (you guessed it!) how you feel about these topics. When one partner is reactive or avoidant about broaching one of these subjects it is often indicative of something deeper.  Couples must cut through defensiveness,?? escalated anger or shutting down to discuss their underlying “core” emotions. The deeper, core emotions are what keeps a deep and meaningful connection and romantic bond thriving. It also prevents on-going negative patterns of communication. For instance, if you feel I can never please her or Im not important to him, this may be what sets one of you off into reactivity over your differing points of view things like how to spend your money, frequency of sex or the amount of time spent with the in-laws.   It is much more productive  to express real feelings instead of giving the silent treatment, carrying a grudge, getting passive-aggressive, or yelling. Furthermore, it is much easier for your partner to respond to these core tender emotions. It is a win-win for you both.   Long-term successful relationships are built on taking these risks with our partners.

How to Write the Hook of an Essay

You can think of the first sentence of your essay as you would a fishing hook. It grabs your reader and allows you reel the person into your essay and your train of thought. The hook for your essay can be an interesting sentence that captures a persons attention, it can be thought-provoking, or even, entertaining. The hook for your essay often appears in the first sentence. The opening paragraph includes a thesis sentence. Some popular hook choices can include using an interesting quote, a little-known fact, famous last words, or a statistic. Quote Hook A quote hook is best used when you are composing an essay based on an author, story, or book. It helps establish your authority on the topic and by using someone elses quote, you can strengthen your  thesis if the quote supports it. The following is an example of a quote hook: A mans errors are his portals of discovery. In the next sentence or two, give a reason for this quote or current example. As for the last sentence (the thesis) : Students grow more confident and self-sufficient when parents allow them to make mistakes and experience failure. General statement By setting the tone in the opening sentence with a uniquely written general statement of your thesis, the beauty is that you get right to the point. Most readers appreciate that approach. For example, you can start with the following statement: Many studies show that the biological sleep pattern for teens shifts a few hours, which means teens naturally stay up later and feel alert later in the morning. The next sentence, set up the body of your essay, perhaps by introducing the concept that school days should be adjusted so that they are more in sync with the teenagers natural sleep or wake cycle. As for the last sentence (the thesis):  If every school day started at ten oclock, many students would find it easier to stay focused. Statistic By listing a proven fact or entertaining an interesting statistic that might even sound implausible to the reader, you can excite a reader to want to know more.   Like this hook: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, teens and young adults experience the highest rates of violent crime. Your next sentence can set up the argument that its dangerous for teenagers to be on the streets at late hours. A fitting thesis statement might read: Parents are justified in implementing a strict curfew, regardless of a students academic performance. The Right Hook for Your Essay The good news about finding a hook? You can find a quote, fact, or another type of hook after you determine your thesis. You can accomplish this with a simple online search about your topic after youve developed your essay. You can nearly have the essay finished before you revisit the opening paragraph. Many writers polish up the first paragraph after the essay is completed. Outlining the Steps for Writing Your Essay Heres an example of the steps you can follow that help you outline your essay. First paragraph: Establish the thesisBody paragraphs: Supporting evidenceLast paragraph: Conclusion with a restatement of the thesisRevisit the first paragraph: Find the best hook Obviously, the first step is to determine your thesis. You need to research your topic and know what you plan to write about. Develop a starting statement. Leave this as your first paragraph for now. The next paragraphs become the supporting evidence for your thesis. This is where you include the statistics, opinions of experts, and anecdotal information. Compose a closing paragraph that is basically a reiteration of your thesis statement with new assertions or conclusive findings you find during with your research. Lastly, go back to your introductory hook paragraph. Can you use a quote, shocking fact, or paint a picture of the thesis statement using an anecdote? This is how you sink your hooks into a reader. The best part is if you are not loving what you come up with at first, then you can play around with the introduction. Find several facts or quotes that might work for you. Try out a few different starting sentences and determine which of your choices makes the most interesting beginning to your essay.

Paid Time Off (Pto) Policies - 1726 Words

Traditional leave systems separate time off into vacation, sick leave, personal leave, and other types of leave. In contrast, paid time off (PTO) banks typically combine all time off benefits into one cumulative bank of days which an employee can draw upon for any need. The delineations of such plans vary by employer (Lindemann Miller, 2012). In an organization, employees may receive time off for as compensation benefits. This may include sick leave, personal leave, vacations, holidays, etc. Different organizations have different PTO policies. Paid time off can be defined as any time that is not worked, but is paid. Although these plans are costly to companies, they view these plans as employee friendly. Companies try to offer the best†¦show more content†¦(Cascio, 2013). Additional information that is needed As the human resources manager, this situation could be very delicate. The merger poses a compensation challenge terms of the listed paid time off policies. Company employees might want to keep their policy paid time off plans, whereas Company B might think their terms were the best. There is the risk of paid time off crisis. In addition to the provided information about the leave policy of the company, there is also a need for information about the number of employees, their levels of work, and their pending off days. Information about their pay rates is also needed. The different companies might have had different pay rates for the same job levels (Smith, 2012). The details about this required information, which has not been provided in the policy plans, could be assessed from their former personnel office and accounting department. The personnel department in this case used to deal with employee compensation data and the accounts department u sed to calculate these benefits and convert them to monetary terms. Issues The merging of these two companies also means that the departments of these companies will also need to merge. I would work to merge the paid time off and the traditional systems existing in both companies. This mission for me and transition for personnel is not expected to be smooth as most likely issues are going to occur. These issues could range fromShow MoreRelatedPaid Time Off ( Pto ) Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the employer pools sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows the employees to utilize upon need. this policy pertains mainly in USA as such no legal requirement for minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US companies determine the amount off the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. In general way PTO system cover, everything from planned vacation toRead MoreBenefits Of A Paid Time Off Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the system employer use to accumulate all kind of leaves as sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows the employees to use upon need. this policy works mostly in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US company’s regulator the amount off the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. a general way, PTO system coverRead MorePaid Time Off ( Pto )1443 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the system accumulate all kinds of identified leaves and specify as a bulk number for everyone, as sick leaves, vacation leaves, and personal leaves, this policy prevails in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. The PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US companies commonly regulate the amount the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. in addition, The PTO approach governRead MoreEssay On Paid Time Off1484 Words   |  6 PagesIt is apparent that paid time off can offer many benefits to employees and employers aside from just simply reducing occurrences of unscheduled time off, likewise, a paid-time-off (PTO) policy has other benefits such as PTO, makes employees more productive, increases retention rates, makes the company more attractive to new hires, and helps prevent people from feeling guilty about taking time off. All in all, incorporating PTO can a ppear as a frightening challenge, although the process will differRead MoreBenefits Of Paid Time Off Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Introduction Paid time off (PTO) is system employer use to accumulate all kinds of leaves as sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allow the employees to use upon need. this policy works mostly in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US company’s regulator the amount the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. a general way, The PTO system cover,Read MoreA Brief Note On Hansen Mechanical Contractors ( Hmc )1515 Words   |  7 Pagesway sick time and personal time off (PTO) is paid and taken. In past years (up until 2013) sick time was only able to be taken in the calendar year and if not taken would be lost. Each employee was given seven sick days per year. Sick time could not be rolled over or cashed out at the end of the year. HMC decided starting January 1, 2014 that they would change this policy in hopes of giving their emplo yees an incentive to not use sick time and take less days off per year. Sick time was changedRead MorePaid Time Off1288 Words   |  6 PagesCaveman-like policy on paid time off (â€Å"PTO†) to the new unlimited PTO means to eliminate â€Å"vacation days† and â€Å"sick days† or a specific number of days given to employees to take off each year. Instead, company would allow employees to take as much as they need without being docked any pay. Before moving on to choosing the more suitable PTO policy, we do a research and analysis to have a better understanding about the new unlimited PTO policy. On one hand, the new unlimited PTO policy has some advantagesRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Satisfaction1611 Words   |  7 Pageslack of communication within the organization, high stress levels, lack of recognition, or limit opportunity for growth. Health insurance is one benefit in the foundation of a comprehensive employee benefit package. Health insurance is an insurance policy that will pay to cover medical treatments or expenses. This also includes dental and vision insurance. â€Å"According to healthinsurance.org, of the Americans who have health coverage, nearly 60% obtain their coverage through an employer-sponsored planRead MoreEssay On Employment Contract899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Employer agrees to hire Employee and Employee agrees to serve Employer as its PARALEGAL. The Employee agrees that s/he will at all times perform all duties required of the paralegal position faithfully and to the best of his/her skills, experience and talents. Along with duties and responsibilities, Employee shall comply with all Employer procedures, policies, and rules and regulations, both written and/or oral. The Employee agrees to overall responsibilities including, but not limited to: 1)Read MoreInformal Report 050024001399 Words   |  6 Pages100% of all salaried employees are unaware of the stipulation in the company’s policies that overtime hours are uncompensated in an hourly wage capacity, and that in place of this lack of compensation, the branch manager must allocate paid time off (PTO) for salaried employees who are working overtime. In relation to this, another cause of the problem found is that the branch managers themselves have not been allocating PTO for the branch’s salaried employees in compensation of overtime work hours rendered

The Search for Three Truths in the United States Free Essays

With the dream of liberty and the pursuit of happiness my family has immigrated halfway around the world, from Vietnam to America. My parents fled to the United States, not for them but for the unending opportunities for their children. My parents have sacrificed their whole live for their children to have freedom and a bright future, regardless of any difficulties. We will write a custom essay sample on The Search for Three Truths in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now My parent†s sacrifices are the motivation that pushed me to higher level of education because I acknowledge the amount of pain my family underwent by coming to the United States by extracting the maximum amount of knowledge in my undergraduate studies. I felt overwhelmed when I left Vietnam for the United States because not only did I have to learn a new language, I needed to learn a new philosophy, one completely the opposite of what the communist had taught me. It wasn†t that hard to forget the corrupt philosophy and learn a new philosophy, but it takes time to learn a new language, especially during childhood. It was very difficult for a child to keep his native language and to learn a second language and expect him to fluent in both languages. So I struggled with the English language throughout my elementary and middle school, but I knew if I put effort into studying, eventually I would be able to overcome my language difficulties. I worked assiduously throughout my high school career and received almost straight A†s in Honors and AP classes. While I may not have had much opportunity for advancement or education in Vietnam, in the U.S I placed my education and future as my ambition. My family fled to the United States with a dream to search for three truths: life, liberty, and happiness. We are very fortunate to find these â€Å"truths†, however, along the way there were many hardships, difficulties and asperities. I am glad that these difficulties have occurred to my life because it made me a stronger person, a dedicated student, and person that has the capability of tacking problems to matter how great. How to cite The Search for Three Truths in the United States, Papers

Lee De Forest Essay Example For Students

Lee De Forest Essay Lee De Forest Lee De Forest Lee De Forest was born Aug. 26, 1873, Council Bluffs, Iowa.De Forest was the son of a Congregational minister. His father moved the family to Alabama and there assumed the presidency of the nearly bankrupt Talladega College for Negroes. Excluded by citizens of the white community who resented his fathers efforts to educate blacks, Lee and his brother and sister made friends from among the black children of the town and spent a happy although sternly disciplined childhood in this rural community.(Kraeuter, 74). As a child he was fascinated with machinery and was often excited when hearing of the many technological advances during the late 19th century.He began tinkering and inventing things even in high school, often trying to build things that he could sell for money.By the age of 13 he was an enthusiastic inventor of mechanical gadgets such as a miniature blast furnace and locomotive, and a working silverplating apparatus.(A Science Odyssey: People and Di scoveries). His father had planned for him to follow him in a career in the clergy, but Lee wanted to go to school for science and, in 1893, enrolled at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, one of the few institutions in the United States then offering a first-class scientific education.(Kraeuter, 74).De Forest went on to earn the Ph.D. in physics in 1899, with the help of scholarships, and money his parents made by working odd jobs. By this time he had become interested in electricity, particularly the study of electromagnetic wave propagation, then being pioneered chiefly by the German Heinrich Rudolf Hertz and the Italian Guglielmo Marconi.De Forests doctoral dissertation on the Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires is said to possibly be the first doctoral thesis in the United States on the subject that was later to become known as radio. (Kraeuter, 76). His first job was with the Western Electric Company inChicago, where, he began working in the dynamo department, then working his way up to the telephone section and then to the experimental laboratory.While working after-hours on his own, he developed an electrolytic detector of Hertzian waves. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999).The device was very successful, as was an alternating-current transmitter that he designed. In 1902 he and his financial backers founded the De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company. In 1902, De Forest began giving public demonstrations of wireless telegraphy for businessmen, the press, and the military in an effort to inform and expand its succcess. De Forest invented the Audion, or triode, device in 1906, by inserting a grid into the center of a vacuum tube. Applying voltage to the grid controlled the amount of a second current flowing across the tube. a vacuum tube device that could take a weak electrical signal and amplify it into a larger on e. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999).In 1913, ATT installed audions to boost voice signals as they crossed the US continent.Soon the audion was being used in radios as well. In 1921, De Forest invented a way of recording sound on movies.He started a company, the De Forest Phonofilm Corporation, but he couldnt convince the film industry to try using sound.Eventually, film makers finally came around several years later, but the Phonofilm Company had folded, so they decided to use an entirely different method.(Kraeuter, 77).(Though some time later movies actually began to use the method De Forest originally proposed.) Lee De Forest was a pioneer in the development of wireless telegraphy, sound pictures, and television. His triode made practicable transcontinental telephony, both wire and wireless, and led to the foundation of the radio industry. He is frequently called the father of radio.(Kraeuter, 75).The first high-powered naval radio stations were designed and insta lled by him Lee De Forest invented the audion. The audion, or triode, at the heart of the vacuum tube is what the transistor was built to replace. The audion helped AT;T set up coast-to-coast phone service, and it was also used in everything from radios to televisions to the first computers. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999). By the time he died he had over 300 patents, but few of them ever had much success.In fact, De Forest seemed to have a long streak of failures.He was regularly involved in patent lawsuits (indeed, he spent his fortune on legal bills).He went through four marriages, had a number of failed companies, was defrauded by his business partners, and was even once indicted (but later acquitted) for mail fraud. (Kraeuter, 79). With the audion, however, De Forest had a solid success.De Forest has been labeled one of the fathers of the electronic age, since the audion helped start the explosion of electronics earlier this century.American inventor of the A udion vacuum tube, which made live radio broadcasting possible and became the key component of all radio, telephone radar, television, and computer systems before the invention of the transistor in 1947.(Kraeuter, 79).Forest passed away on June 30, 1961 in Hollywood, CA.De Forest wrote an autobiography entitled Father of Radio, but did not get that recognition from the rest of the world. He is remembered as one contributor to an industry that was, truth, the work of many people. (Kraeuter, 79). .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .postImageUrl , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:hover , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:visited , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:active { border:0!important; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:active , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Opinion On Death Penalty EssayKraeuter, David W.(1992).Radio and Television Pioneers. New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries. (1999) Online. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/index.html

Population Epidemiology Study Designs an Example of the Topic Education and science by

Population Epidemiology Study Designs by Expert TheSmartwriter | 22 Dec 2016 Introduction Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence and transference in human population wherein its focus involves the distribution and determinants of disease. It is frequently used in public health as a systematic and scientific approach for understanding diseases and health problems (Waning & Montagne, 2001 p.1). The essential aim of epidemiology is to establish awareness of disease causation and improve the general health conditions of the public (Woodward, 2005 p2). Need essay sample on "Population Epidemiology Study Designs" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The paper discusses various epidemiologic study designs specifically, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, prospective or cohort and randomized clinical trial or also known as randomized controlled trial. Detailed explanation and comparisons are included in the entire discussion. Discussion Cross-sectional In a cross-sectional study, the subjects are chosen irrespective of their exposure or disease status. Exposure and disease are being measured importantly at the same point in time. Another reason for this is that the time organization between the start of exposure and the start of disease is impossible to be hypothesized. Moreover, the data results from the cross-sectional study can be treated also as data from cohort study or as data from case-control study (Monson, 2001 p.59). Cross-sectional study involves the study of subjects in the population at the time of ascertainment or a representative sample of all such persons, including those who have the disease, and that has an objective limited to describing the population (Rothman but those who possess the actual conditions are ones involved. Cross-sectional studies do not include causative factors; however, it utilizes prevalence data as its etiologic inferences (p.75). However, the difficulty in evaluating data in a cross-sectional study is to decide whether the exposure led to the disease or the disease lead to the exposure (Monson, 2001 p.59). In fact, the collection of data in cross-sectional manner is not actually the defining characteristics of the cross-sectional study but the inability to formulate the exposure-disease time organization is its sole defining characteristic (p.60). Retrospective The design of retrospective utilizes population based case study that possess limitations to geographical, hospital based wherein the subjects are the admitted patients and lastly, group based wherein studies are based on local epidemics. This type of epidemiologic design is most commonly conducted since their results have immediate applications to the enhancements of health promotion and prevention (Miller, 2002 p.287). A case-control study is sometimes referred to as a retrospective study because data on the factor of interest are collected retrospectively; however, there are cases wherein subjects encounter varying inconsistencies (Smoller, 2004 p.9). The design detects a number of people with the disease under the study criteria, which is known as the case. After such, the selection of those subjects free from the disease, called controls, are involved. The cases and controls are then investigated to see which risk factors differ between them (Woodward, 1999 p.243) Retrospective studies are utilized in determining the differentiation of well group and ill group in terms of exposure proportion to specific disease etiological agent, risk factors or the pathogen. The defining characteristics of retrospective study are its comparison of the groups concerning the presence of traits, characteristic or factor that result from past activities or experiences (Timmreck, 2002 p.237). Descriptive Descriptive epidemiology is concerned with the distribution of disease, including consideration of what populations or subgroups do or do not develop a disease, in what geographic locations it is most or least common, and how the frequency of occurrence varies over time. The design study of descriptive epidemiology involves more on qualitative provision of description of disease distribution of health-related stares and phenomena by person, place, and time. This design aids in the familiarization of data, identification of community health problems, defines the at-risk population, and lastly, analyzes the traces of disease determinants (Timmreck & Merril, 2006 p.80). Descriptive design are further subpided into four categories of study specifically, ecologic studies, case reports, case series, and cross-sectional surveys. The ecologic study focus mainly on population analysis while the other designs centers on inpidual analysis. Unfortunately, the negative side of descriptive design is its limitation to test hypothesis (p.80). The descriptive studies are useful for hypothesis generation, but not for hypothesis testing. The case-control and cohort designs provide more persuading proofs to test particular hypotheses (Greenberg, p.203). Prospective/ Cohort Cohort or prospective design is pided into two categories of implementation namely prospective cohort study and historical cohort study. The prospective cohort study deals with the assembling of present and followed by future time frame while historical cohort study identifies from past records and followed forward from that time up to the present (Fletcher & Fletcher 2005 p.82). The difference of case-control or retrospective from cohort studies is that all the relevant phenomena, such as disease and exposure, have already occurred when the study starts while, in cohort studies, the exposure has occurred but the disease has not yet been present. However, there is one exemption to the rule wherein study is done through records review. Prospective design refers to the study group following forward in time from exposure to disease in contrast to the case-control design that proceeds backward in time from disease to exposure (Hebel & McCarter, 2006 p.115). Randomized Clinical Trial/Randomized Controlled Trial The study design of randomized clinical trial is another type of prospective experiment that analyzes the comparison of one or more plan of actions against a control group for the purpose of knowing the effectiveness of the interventions proposed. This design utilizes clinical trials in order to formulate the comparison of health interventions or measures given (Smoller, 2004 p.141). However, this design is faced with several ethical dilemmas involving clinical trials and experimentations. The ethical violation involves the utilization of humans as the subject for clinical trials. Reference Fletcher, S. W., & Fletcher, R. H. (2005). Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Greenberd, S. R. (2004). Medical Epidemiology. McGraw-Hill Professional. Hebel, J., & McCarter, R. (2006). Study Guide to Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Merril, M. R., & Timmreck, C. T. (2006). Introduction to Epidemiology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Miller, E. R. (2002). Epidemiology for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Professionals. Haworth Press. Monson, R. R. (2001). Occupational Epidemiology. CRC Press. Rothman, K. J., & Greenland, S. (1998). Modern Epidemiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Timmreck, T. C. (2002). Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis. Jones and Bartlett Publisher. Waning, B., & Montagne, M. (2001). Pharmacoepidemiology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional. Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (2004). Biostatistics and Epidemiology: A Primer for Health and Biomedical Professionals. Springer. Woodward, M. (1999). Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis. CRC Press. Woodward, M. (2005). Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis. CRC Press.

The Life of a Woman Plantation Slave essays

The Life of a Woman Plantation Slave essays The life of a typical woman plantation slave was one that is somewhat troubling to think about. These women were forced to leave their homes and their families to become the property of a plantation owner who, for the rest of their lives, dictated what these women were to do. These women had to adjust to many different and new things. When a new slave woman arrived, she spent the majority of her time learning the native tongue, learning the new agriculture, and adjusting to the difference in the climate. (Berkin, p. 62). In learning these new things, they also had to learn to be totally submissive to their masters in body and mind or they suffered abuse and this abuse included sexual abuse as well. In order to fully understand the life of a typical woman plantation slave, it is important to know where she came from, the type of work she does, what her relationships are, and how she copes with her lifestyle. In the late seventeenth century, the importation of Africans from the coastal regions of Africa begins. (Evans p. 27) This proves to be an asset for plantation owners as African women were known for their abilities in agriculture and, therefore, their expertise at planting and cultivating could be put to use to produce huge crops for the plantation. Men and women were both put to work in the fields at the discretion of their masters. Their workdays were very long going from sunup to well into the evening hours. Early on men and women on the plantation did the same types of work which usually included planting and harvesting by hand. Later on when plantation owners began using the plow instead of the hoe, the men were responsible for doing the more skilled labor such as plowing and the women were left in the fields to hoe what could not be done with the plow or to transport harvested grain from the fields to the barns on their backs. (Berkin, p. 62) Women did not only work in the fields though. S...